Plant of the Month November: Chrysanthemums

Chrysanthemums, sometimes abbreviated to ‘mums’ or ‘chrysanths’, are perennial herbaceous flowering plants in the family Asteraceae that bloom in the autumn. They are native to East Asia and Northeastern Europe. There are many thousands of horticultural varieties and cultivars that exist. 

A late-season flower, Chrysanthemums are associated in the Northern Hemisphere with the month of November.

This is an eye-catching and versatile garden plant. They add colour to borders and containers in late summer and autumn, when many other plants are past their best. These are widely available, straightforward to grow, and flower abundantly outdoors in late summer and autumn. 

The flowers come in various shapes, sizes and colours. Usually single or double daisies, they range from rich fiery hues to bright or pastel shades. ‘Spray’ chrysanthemums produce lots of flowers in large clusters, or sprays, for maximum impact.

Mature plants in full bloom are available in late summer and early autumn. These create an instant display in borders and containers.

• Sunlight: Full sun is essential for strong growth and abundant blooms
• Soil: Fertile, well‑drained soil prevents root rot; amend compacted soil with organic matter
• Timing: Plant hardy mums in spring to allow root establishment before winter
• Spacing: Allow enough room—mums can grow up to 3 feet tall and 2 feet wide
• Water regularly: Mums have shallow roots and dry out easily; keep soil consistently moist but not soggy
• Mulch: Helps retain moisture and regulate soil temperature
• Pinching: Pinch back tips in early summer to encourage bushier growth and more blooms
• Avoid late pinching: Stop by mid‑summer to ensure fall blooming
• Frost Protection: Even hardy mums benefit from frost protection; cold snaps can damage plants

Growing chrysanthemums is a rewarding choice for gardeners due to their versatility, hardiness, and the variety of colours and shapes available. Chrysanthemums are also excellent cut flowers, lasting two to three weeks in a vase. Additionally, chrysanthemums are known to be beneficial for the environment, as they are a natural source of nitrogen and help maintain soil health.